Qatar is hosting an emergency Arab-Islamic summit in Doha, convened by the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), to address the Israeli airstrike on the Qatari capital on September 9, 2025. The airstrike targeted a residential compound in Doha housing Hamas’s political leadership, who were engaged in discussions regarding a U.S.-backed ceasefire proposal for the ongoing Gaza conflict. The attack resulted in the deaths of five Hamas members and one Qatari security official but failed to eliminate key figures, such as Khalil al-Hayya, a senior Hamas negotiator. Qatar strongly condemned the strike as a blatant violation of its sovereignty and labeled it an act of “state terrorism,” prompting urgent calls for regional unity and action.

The summit follows preparatory meetings of Arab and Muslim foreign ministers on September 14, reflecting the gravity of the situation and the need for a coordinated response to Israel’s actions. The summit is aiming to formulate a unified Arab and Islamic stance against Israel’s escalation, with discussions focusing on potential legal actions at international forums, including the International Criminal Court (ICC), and reinforcing support for Gaza ceasefire efforts. Leaders from across the Arab and Muslim world would be attending, emphasizing the protection of Palestinian rights and condemning Israel’s broader military operations, which have caused significant civilian casualties in Gaza. Qatar, alongside Egypt, has been a key mediator in Gaza ceasefire talks, and the attack on its soil was seen as a direct challenge to its diplomatic role. The summit underscores  the urgency of addressing regional instability, with calls for stronger diplomatic and economic measures to counter Israel’s actions and support Palestinian self-determination, while also addressing the broader implications of the strike on Qatar’s sovereignty and regional security.